Identifying risk factors for chronic postsurgical pain and preventive measures: a comprehensive update

Pergolizzi JV Jr, LeQuang JA, Magnusson P, Varrassi G.
Identifying risk factors for chronic postsurgical pain and preventive measures: a comprehensive update. Expert Rev Neurother. 2023 Nov 24:1-14. doi: 10.1080/14737175.2023.2284872.

Abstract

Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) is a prevalent condition that can diminish health-related quality of life, cause functional deficits, and lead to patient distress. Rates of CPSP are higher for certain types of surgeries than others (thoracic, breast, or lower extremity amputations) but can occur after even uncomplicated minimally invasive procedures. CPSP has multiple mechanisms, but always starts as acute postsurgical pain, which involves inflammatory processes and may encompass direct or indirect neural injury. Risk factors for CPSP are largely known but many, such as female sex, younger age, or type of surgery, are not modifiable. The best strategy against CPSP is to quickly and effectively treat acute postoperative pain using a multimodal analgesic regimen that is safe, effective, and spares opioids.